Whereas the British planters had developed tea gardens all along the Shivaliks and Lesser Himalayas from Assam to Himachal Pradesh, in effect they did not succeed beyond the Darjeeling area. Explain.

Assess the role of National Horticulture Mission (NHM) in boosting the production, productivity and income of horticulture farms. How far has it succeeded in increasing the income of farmers?

Sufis and medieval mystic saints failed to modify either the religious ideas and practices or the outward structure of Hindu/Muslim societies to any appreciable extent. Comment.

Taxila university was one of the oldest universities of the world with which were associated a number of renowned learned personalities of all times. Its strategic location caused its fame to flourish, but unlike Nalanda, it is not considered as a university in the modern sense. Discuss.

Gandhara sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks. Explain.

To what extent has the urban planning and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization provided inputs to the present day urbanization? Discuss.

In what ways did the naval mutiny prove to be the last nail in the coffin of British colonial aspirations in India?

Examine critically the various facets of economic policies of the British in India from mid-eighteenth century till independence.