Taxila university was one of the oldest universities of the world with which were associated a number of renowned learned personalities of all times. Its strategic location caused its fame to flourish, but unlike Nalanda, it is not considered as a university in the modern sense. Discuss.

Gandhara sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks. Explain.

Highlight the Central Asian and Greco-Bactrian elements in Gandhara art.

Persian literary sources of medieval India reflect the spirit of the age. Comment.

Discuss the significance of the lion and bull figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.

Sufis and medieval mystic saints failed to modify either the religious ideas and practices or the outward structure of Hindu/Muslim societies to any appreciable extent. Comment.

Gandhara sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks. Explain.

To what extent has the urban planning and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization provided inputs to the present day urbanization? Discuss.

In what ways did the naval mutiny prove to be the last nail in the coffin of British colonial aspirations in India?

Examine critically the various facets of economic policies of the British in India from mid-eighteenth century till independence.

The third battle of Panipat was fought in 1761. Why were so many empire-shaking battles fought at Panipat?