“There arose a serious challenge to the democratic state system between the two world wars”. Evaluate the statement.

Taxila university was one of the oldest universities of the world with which were associated a number of renowned learned personalities of all times. Its strategic location caused its fame to flourish, but unlike Nalanda, it is not considered as a university in the modern sense. Discuss.

Gandhara sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks. Explain.

Highlight the Central Asian and Greco-Bactrian elements in Gandhara art.

Persian literary sources of medieval India reflect the spirit of the age. Comment.

Evaluate the nature of the Bhakti literature and its contribution to Indian culture.

Trace the rise and growth of socio-religious reform movements with special reference to Young Bengal and Brahmo Samaj.

To what extent did the role of the Moderates prepare a base for the wider freedom movement? Comment.

Bring out the constructive programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during the Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement.

Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian princely states.

Examine the uniqueness of tribal knowledge system when compared with mainstream knowledge and cultural systems.