How do you account for the growing fast food industry given that there are increased health concerns in modern society? Illustrate your answer with the Indian experience.

‘Communalism arises either due to power struggle or relative deprivation.’ Argue by giving suitable illustrations.

Customs and traditions suppress reason leading to obscurantism. Do you agree?

Is diversity and pluralism in India under threat due to globalisation? Justify your answer.

How is the growth of Tier 2 cities related to the rise of a new middle class with an emphasis on the culture of consumption?

Discuss the salient features of the Harappan architecture.

Examine the main aspects of Akbar’s religious syncretism.

‘The sculptors filled the Chandella artform with resilient vigor and breadth of life.’ Elucidate.

Mahatma Jotirao Phule’s writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss.

Trace India’s consolidation process during the early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education, and international relations.

The French Revolution has enduring relevance to the contemporary world. Explain.