Discuss how the changes in shape and sizes of continents and ocean basins of the planet take place due to tectonic movements of the crustal masses.

Major hot deserts in northern hemisphere are located between 20-30 degree north and on the western side of the continents. Why?

What do you understand by the theory of continental drift? Discuss the prominent evidences in its support.

Why are the world’s fold mountain systems located along the margins of continents? Bring out the association between the global distribution of Fold Mountains and the earthquakes and volcanoes.

How does the Juno Mission of NASA help to understand the origin and evolution of the Earth?

Discuss the salient features of the Harappan architecture.

Examine the main aspects of Akbar’s religious syncretism.

‘The sculptors filled the Chandella artform with resilient vigor and breadth of life.’ Elucidate.

Mahatma Jotirao Phule’s writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss.

Trace India’s consolidation process during the early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education, and international relations.

The French Revolution has enduring relevance to the contemporary world. Explain.