In spite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development. Discuss.

It is said that India has substantial reserves of shale oil and gas, which can feed the needs of the country for a quarter century. However, tapping of the resources does not appear to be high on the agenda. Discuss critically the availability and issues involved.

Environmental impact assessment studies are increasingly undertaken before a project is cleared by the government. Discuss the environmental impacts of coal-fired thermal plants located at pitheads.

How can India achieve energy independence through clean technology by 2047? How can biotechnology play a crucial role in this endeavour?

How do you justify the view that the level of excellence of Gupta numismatic art is not at all noticeable in later times?

Highlight the importance of the new objectives that got added to the vision of Indian independence since the twenties of the last century.

The women’s questions arose in modern India as a part of the 19th-century social reform movement. What were the major issues and debates concerning women in that period?

Examine how the decline of traditional artisanal industry in colonial India crippled the rural economy.

Why did the ‘Moderates’ fail to carry conviction with the nation about their proclaimed ideology and political goals by the end of the nineteenth century?

Clarify how mid-eighteenth century India was beset with the spectre of a fragmented polity.